Hole-Selective Front Contact Stack Enabling 24.1%-Efficient Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells

The window-layer stack limits the efficiency of both-side-contacted silicon heterojunction solar cells. We discuss here combination several modifications to this improve its optoelectronic performance. These include introduction a nanocrystalline silicon-oxide p-type layer in lieu amorphous layer, replacing indium tin oxide with zirconium-doped for front transparent electrode, capping film and applying postfabrication electrical biasing treatment. influence each these alterations is discussed as well their interactions. Combining all them finally enables fabrication highly electrically well-performing stack, leading screen-printed cell 24.1% efficiency. Paths toward industrialization further improvements are discussed.